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The Stress Reaction |
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The human body has a control system to deal with changing situations which occur. It is called the Autonomic Nervous System. If all is going well the Parasympathetic branch operates all of the internal organs. When an emergency arises, the Sympathetic branch operates the various organs to speed up activity and increase the supply of energy. This is called the stress reaction because it prepares the person for Fight or Flight. We must face the situation with anger or charge. Otherwise, a hasty retreat is in order. The circulatory system is involved in the stress reaction . First of all, the circulation of the blood is speeded up so that energy supply can be quickly utilized. The heart rate is increased to pump the blood around the body more quickly. Blood pressure is elevated to speed it on its way. Also, the blood must be channeled away from the areas where it is not needed and directed to the muscles. The cranial arteries are constricted to reduce the blood supply to the thinking processes. Memory and learning are often hampered when stressful situations arise. The arteries to the digestive system are also constricted. The digestive processes must, therefore, be slowed down. The flow of digestive enzymes is retarded which may cause indigestion. The stress reaction is involved in the respiratory system. The breathing rate is increased because more oxygen is needed and carbon dioxide must be expelled. The filter system called the mucosa must be made more efficient since more air is coming in. Pollution is trapped and nasal drainage may occur. The stress reaction accelerates the activity of the entire excretory system. The pores of the skin are more active causing wet hands and foreheads as well as underarm wetness. The kidneys work faster requiring more frequent emptying of the bladder. The stress reaction increases the work of the metabolic system. Blood sugar is released. Also, cholesterol is released as a secondary source of energy. If more blood sugar is needed the liver converts the cholesterol. The body is prepared for the increased use of the muscles. If motor activity does not occur, these products remain in the blood until removed in some other way. |
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Copyright 2006 James F. Hubbard All Rights Reserved May Be Copied For Educational Purposes Only |
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